Assessing freshwater fish sensitivity to different sources of perturbation in a Mediterranean basin

Abstract –  The accuracy of bioassessment programmes is highly limited by the precision of the systems used to derive sensitivity–tolerance values for the organisms used as indicators. We provide quantitative support to the objective evaluation of freshwater fish species sensitivity to different sources of disturbance, accounting for co-variation issues not only between perturbations and natural gradients (especially river size), but also between different perturbations. With this aim, we performed two different principal component analyses: (i) on a general environmental matrix to obtain a perturbation gradient independent of river size effects and (ii) on human impairment-related variables to extract independent synthetic perturbation gradients. Then, we checked each species responses to those gradients to assess their sensitivity–tolerance through an available-used chi-squared analysis in the first approach and through a t -test/ ancova analysis in the second one. In this way, we obtained sensitivity–tolerance which could be included in future bioassessment tools, enabling effective evaluations.     

母乳中VA与婴幼儿健康研究进展

母乳中含有多种VA,如视黄醇、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、α-胡萝卜素、番茄红素及叶黄素等,且母乳初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳中VA的含量不同,但总体上VA含量随着泌乳期的延长而降低。如母乳中含量最高的VA视黄醇,其在初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳中的含量分别为478～1 920、440～1 270、178～825 μg/L。母乳中VA含量除受泌乳时间影响外,还与地域、乳母膳食及母乳脂肪含量等有关。本文重点介绍不同国家/地区母乳中VA的种类、含量、影响因素及其健康作用（视觉健康、免疫健康和生长发育等）,以期为婴幼儿配方乳粉的发展提供参考。     

黄芪的生物学活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

黄芪含有多糖类、皂苷类、黄酮类等多种生物活性物质,具有增强免疫力、抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、调节血压及防治糖尿病等作用,应用于畜禽生产中能够提升机体免疫功能和抗氧化功能,提高生长性能和产品质量。对黄芪的生物学活性及在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述,以期为动物用黄芪产品的研究、开发与应用提供参考。     

基于GIS空间分析技术的人为干扰强度火险评价研究

区域森林火灾的人为干扰主要分为人为负干扰和人为正干扰。通过基于GIS的空间分析方法,对人为火源的危险程度和人为正干扰的影响进行了分析与评价,确定了人为负干扰火险指标为农事烧荒、农事炼山造林、上坟、旅游与基本活动,人为正干扰火险指标为投入人力和投入资金,并确定了指标权重、指标度量算法和评价模型,并在实验区进行了验证,以火险等级区划图的形式进行了结果评价。     

肉桂人工林土壤速效养分与酶活性的季节变化

研究了广西高峰林场林龄为3年和6年的肉桂人工林土壤速效养分(水解N、速效P、速效K)和土壤酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶)的季节变化规律及其相互关系。结果表明：两种林地土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶话性均表现出明显的季节动态．：E壤速效N、P、K含量和L壤脲酶活性均以肉桂生长初期(3月中旬)最高．其次是第一个生长高峰期(6月中旬)或第二个生长高峰期(9月中旬)，最低是生长未期(12月中旬)；而土壤过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性以第一个生长高峰期或第二个生长高峰期最高．其次是生长初期,最低是生长末期；士壤速效养分与土壤酶活性的季节变化密切相关。因此，生长初期至第一个生长高峰期是肉桂林地施用N、P、K肥的适当时期。     

核桃楸叶乙醇提取物的抑菌活性及活性成分分析

采用常规提取法浸提核桃楸叶的抑菌活性成分。研究结果表明,核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌和樟子松枯梢病菌有抑菌活性,核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)为3.12 g/L,对樟子松枯梢病菌的MIC为6.25 g/L。采用GC-MS分析了核桃楸叶乙醇提取物中乙酸乙酯萃取相经柱层析后集分I和集分II的化学组成和相对含量。分析结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取相中主要活性成分为相对含量较高的5-羟基-1,4-萘醌(胡桃醌)、D-阿洛糖、5,8-二羟基-1,4-萘醌、1,5-萘二酚、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、7-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮、1-萘酚、8-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌和4-甲基-2,6-二羟基喹啉等。     

试论科学发展观对林业发展的重大意义

党中央提出的科学发展观对林业发展有着极为重要的意义。文章从重视人的主体性、森林经营利用多元化、森林经营管理开放性和森林永续利用等四个方面,分别阐述了以人为本,全面、协调、可持续发展对林业的指导意义。     

The effect of strain, growth stage, and cultivating condition of Ganoderma lucidum on 5α-reductase inhibition

The inhibitory effects of 102 methanol extracts of 40 mycelia, 9 culture fluids, and 53 fruiting bodies of 40 strains of Ganoderma lucidum on 5-reductase were investigated. The methanol extract of the fruiting body of each strain was found to show the strongest 5-reductase inhibitory activity among the extracts tested.     

女诗人薛涛与望江楼公园

以纪念女性为主的园林是中国历史园林的特殊类型,理清其营建的动因和经验,是传承中国园林文化的重要补充。纪念唐代女诗人薛涛的望江楼公园,其兴建、发展、造景等方面与薛涛的人生经历、个性品行紧密结合。基于历史文献梳理和园林空间分析,剖析了望江楼公园的发展变迁历程,归纳了针对薛涛的园林景观的纪念性造景手法,从遗迹、植物、建筑、活动等方面分析了女诗人薛涛与望江楼公园之间相辅相成的关系。     

Socio-economic significance of reed forests in a rural community: A case study from the greater Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

The reed forests that are the subject of this study are scattered over five thanas of the Sunamganj and Sylhet Districts of the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. Their total area is 23,590 ha and they have great ecological, economic, commercial and socio-economic importance due to the diversified resources they supply. However, the forests are commonly encroached on by local people who are perceived to be seriously depleting the resource. This paper deals with the socio-economic status of the people residing near these reed forests, and examines their dependency on the resources provided by the reed forests. A socio-economic survey, participatory rural appraisal and interviews were used to obtain baseline data of the reed forest resource and the local communities. The study reveals that the communities in the study region have higher income than other areas of Bangladesh. Most survey respondents have other occupations in addition to farming. The literacy rate is 28.8%. Among the illiterate, 68% engage in collecting reeds. Although the Forest Department has a management plan for sustainable use of the reed forests, encroachers receive backing from political leaders and local elites, so their eviction is difficult. In order to achieve long-term productivity and sustainability from the reed forests, this study recommends a strategy of developing an integrated joint management plan between the Forest Department and the local people.